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Term
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What are we learning
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1
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Ecological relationships and classification
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- Describe the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem, including food webs and insect pollinated crops
- Explain the cause, ideal conditions and importance of the decay process.
- Explain how organisms affect, and are affected by, their environment, including the accumulation of toxic materials
- Understand the variation between species and between individuals of the same species means some organisms compete more successfully, which can drive natural selection
- Explain how changes in the environment may leave individuals within a species, and some entire species, less well adapted to compete successfully and reproduce, which in turn may lead to extinction
- Explain the importance of maintaining biodiversity
- Desribe the use of gene banks to preserve hereditary material
- Select and use appropriate apparatus and sampling techniques for field work
- Describe a method to sample the number of organisms in a habitat
- Process data to estimate the population of organism in a habitat
- Identify the control variables in a given method
- Collect and process results
- Write conclusions based on results obtained or secondary data provided, and relate results to predictions/ hypothesis
- Explaining how scientific theories have developed, as new evidence and ideas are taken into account
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Light and space
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- Know the speed of light waves travelling through a vacuum
- Describe the transmission of light through materials: absorption, diffuse scattering and specular reflection at a surface
- Use ray models to explain imaging in mirrors, the pinhole camera, the refraction of light and action of convex lens in focusing (qualitative); the human eye
- Describe light transferring energy from source to absorber leading to chemical and electrical effects; photo-sensitive material in the retina and in cameras
- Know colours and the different frequencies of light, white light and prisms (qualitative only); differential colour effects in absorption and diffuse reflection.
- Describe non-contact forces: gravity forces acting at a distance on Earth and in space
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2
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The periodic table
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- Describe a simple (Dalton and Bohr) atomic model
- Describe differences between atoms, elements and compounds
- Use chemical symbols and formulae for elements and compounds
- Use conservation of mass in chemical reactions.
- Represent chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms (as shown in symbol equations)
- Represent chemical reactions using formulae and using (symbol) equations
- Describe the varying physical and chemical properties of different element
- Describe the principles underpinning the Mendeleev Periodic Table
- Understand the Periodic Table: periods and groups; metals and non-metals
- Describe patterns in reactions can be predicted with reference to the Periodic Table
- Describe the properties of metals and non-metals
- Process primary data to calculate results
- Use straight lines of best fit with anomalous points
- Use reproducibility ideas
- Describe and explain results from primary and secondary data and using data to back up these statements
- Make predictions and evaluate predictions after experimental work
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3
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Digestion and nutrition
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- Know the content of a healthy human diet: carbohydrates, lipids (fats and oils), proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water and why each is needed
- Describe the chemical tests for protein, fats, starch and sugar
- Calculate energy requirements in a healthy daily diet
- Know the consequences of imbalances in the diet, including obesity, starvation and deficiency diseases
- Know the importance of bacteria in the human digestive system
- Describe how the digestive system digests food (enzymes simply as biological catalysts)
- Interpret secondary data in various formats
- Identify variables to change, measure and control to test a hypothesis
- Identify hazards and risks and suggesting appropriate safety measures
- Design a table for results
- Draw conclusions from data and observations and explaining them using scientific knowledge and understanding
- Evaluate models
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4
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Electricity and magnetism
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- Understand electric current as a flow of charge, measured in amperes, in circuits, series and parallel circuits, currents add where branches meet and current as flow of charge
- Understand potential difference, measured in volts, battery and bulb ratings
- Understand resistance, measured in ohms, as the ratio of potential difference (p.d.) to current
- Describe differences in resistance between conducting and insulating components (quantitative).
- Describe static electricity as separation of positive or negative charges when objects are rubbed together: transfer of electrons, forces between charged objects
- Understand the idea of electric field as forces acting across the space between objects not in contact
- Describe non-contact forces due to static electricity.
- Describe magnetic poles, attraction and repulsion
- Show magnetic fields by plotting with compass, representation by field lines
- Know the Earth’s magnetism is used for compasses and navigation
- Describe the magnetic effect of a current, electromagnets, D.C. motors (principles only).
- Describe non-contact forces between magnets
- Measure current in amperes, in circuits, series and parallel circuits, currents add where branches meet and current as flow of charge
- Use equipment to make measurements of current, voltage and resistance and record it to an appropriate number of decimal places
- Identify variables to change, measure and control to test a hypothesis
- Plot a graph and describe the relationship shown
- Recognise and describe proportional relationships
- Use data to inform conclusions
- Use and manipulate equations to calculate unknown values
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5
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Materials and the Earth
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- Describe the properties of ceramics, polymers and composites (qualitative).
- Describe the composition of the Earth
- Describe the structure of the Earth
- Describe the rock cycle and the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
- Describe Earth as a source of limited resources and the efficacy of recycling
- Describe the carbon cycle
- Describe the composition of the atmosphere
- Explain the production of carbon dioxide by human activity and the impact on climate
- Read and interpret graphs and tables of secondary data
- Explain observations from practical work using scientific knowledge and understanding and using data to back these up
- Describe trends shown in graphs, using data to support and identifying when more than one trend is present
- Compare of data, including multipliers, e.g. ‘double the rate’ or ‘5x more’ etc
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6
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Plants and photosynthesis
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- Know plants making carbohydrates in their leaves by photosynthesis and gaining mineral nutrients and water from the soil via their roots.
- Describe the role of leaf stomata in gas exchange in plants.
- Know the reactants in, and products of, photosynthesis, and a word summary for photosynthesis
- Describe the dependence of almost all life on Earth on the ability of photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae, to use sunlight in photosynthesis to build organic molecules that are an essential energy store and to maintain levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- Describe the adaptations of leaves for photosynthesis
- Explain the importance of plant reproduction through insect pollination in human food security
- Write comparisons
- Draw conclusions from observations
- Identify variables to change, measure and control
- Draw conclusions from observations and from secondary data
- Describe trends in graphs and using data to illustrate points made
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Links
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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zng4d2p
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